![]() Some flux materials can contribute to the behaviour of the molten metal to provide physical or chemical alterations. Welders use flux materials that have a lower density than the weld metal, so that it floats to the top of the weld pool once melted and leaves a pure (or nearly pure) metal to solidify below. The covering flux also thermally insulates the weld and reduces the cooling rate. The melting flux releases its own gases that push atmospheric gases away and prevent unwanted oxidation or nitrogen reactions in the weld area.Īs well as shielding the weld from contamination, the slag formed by melted flux can also be used to keep the weld pool in place and in the joint as it cools, which is especially important when welding out-of-position. ![]() Welding flux is made of carbonate and silicate materials so that it can form a slag that protects the weld from oxidation and contamination in the weld. This slag includes non-metallic elements like aluminium, silicon and calcium oxides as well as quantities of nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon. Thermodynamic processes in the molten weld pool cause any elements that are not included in the pool – including the flux - to be forced out to the surface where they solidify into slag. It is formed when the flux – a solid shielding material used in the welding process – melts in or on the top of the weld zone. This makeup of this layer of slag differs according to products and processes used for the weld. Slag forms as a hardened layer of material on top of welds made using these processes and is created from the melted flux they use. Welding slag is produced as a by-product of some arc welding processes, most commonly shielded metal arc welding (also known as stick welding or SMAW), electroslag welding, submerged arc welding, and flux-cored arc welding (also known as FCAW). National Structural Integrity Research Centre. ![]() Structural Integrity Research Foundation. ![]()
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